| Endings | -y/i | -e | -owie | -anie |
-y/i ending for nouns ending with a hard consonant. If the noun is a personal noun then first soften the stem and then use the -y/i ending.-y/i ending, even though they end with a soft consonant-e ending + softening, even though they end with a hard consonant| Masculine Singular Nominative Case | Masculine Plural Nominative Case | English |
|---|---|---|
| kupiec* | kupcy | a merchant |
| chłopiec* | chłopcy | a boy |
| paw* | pawie | a peacock |
| gołąb* | gołębie | a pigeon |
-y or -i ending?| Masculine Singular Nominative Case | Masculine Plural Nominative Case | English |
|---|---|---|
| dom | domy | a house |
| profesor | profesorzy/ profesorowie | a professor |
| pracownik | pracownicy | a worker |
| ogrodnik | ogrodnicy | a gardener |
| sklep | sklepy | a shop |
| obraz | obrazy | a painting |
| płot | płoty | a fence |
| budynek | budynki | a building |
| kieł | kły | a canine |
| róg | rogi | a horn |
| stół | stoły | a table |
| krąg | kręgi | a ring |
-e ending for nouns ending with a soft consonant.-y/i ending, even though they end with a soft consonant-e ending + softening, even though they end with a hard consonant| Masculine Singular Nominative Case | Masculine Plural Nominative Case | English |
|---|---|---|
| kupiec* | kupcy | a merchant |
| chłopiec* | chłopcy | a boy |
| paw* | pawie | a peacock |
| gołąb* | gołębie | a pigeon |
| Masculine Singular Nominative Case | Masculine Plural Nominative Case | English |
|---|---|---|
| stróż | stróże | a watchman |
| malarz | malarze | a painter |
| szal | szale | a scarf |
| mecz | mecze | a match |
| kij | kije | a stick |
| plac | place | a square |
| pędzel | pędzle | a brush |
| precel | precle | a pretzel |
| kręgiel | kręgle | a bowling pin |
| gwóźdź | gwoździe | a nail |
| uprząż | uprzęże | a harness |
-owie ending.| Masculine Singular Nominative Case | Masculine Plural Nominative Case | English |
|---|---|---|
| pan | panowie | a gentleman |
| oficer | oficerowie | an officer |
| kapitan | kapitanowie | a captain |
| profesor | profesorowie / profesorzy | a professor |
| teść | teściowie | a father-in-law |
| bóg | bogowie | a god |
| ojciec | ojcowie* | a father |
| dziadek | dziadkowie | a grandfather |
| mąż | mężowie | a husband |
-anin take the -anie ending.| Masculine Singular Nominative Case | Masculine Plural Nominative Case | English |
|---|---|---|
| Amerykanin | Amerykanie | an American |
| Rosjanin | Rosjanie | a Russian |
| Marsjanin | Marsjanie | a Martian |
| Pomorzanin | Pomorzanie | a Pomeranian |
| Masculine Singular Nominative Case | Masculine Plural Nominative Case | English |
|---|---|---|
| brat | bracia | a brother |
| człowiek | ludzie | a human |
| ksiądz | księża | a priest |
| książę | książęta | a prince |
| Włoch | Włosi | an Italian |
| (only plural form) | drzwi | a door |
| (only plural form) | nożyczki | scissors |
