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Grammar

Terms Glossary
Cases (Przypadki)
Tenses (Czasy)
Verbs (Czasowniki)
Nouns (Rzeczowniki)
Adjectives (Przymiotniki)
Pronouns (Zaimki)
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  1. Home
  2. Grammar
  3. Cases (Przypadki)
  4. Vocative Case (Wołacz)
  5. Nouns Declension
  6. Masculine Plural

Vocative Case (Wołacz) - Masculine Plural Nouns

Masculine Plural Nouns in Vocative Case take the following endings:
Endings-y/i or -'y/-'i-e-owie
The ' symbol indicates that this ending requires softening of the stem. For more information see the article on softening .
Some nouns may have irregularities in their stem when adding an ending.
Orthography rule

The -y/i or -'y/-'i ending usage

Use the -y/i ending for nouns ending with a hard consonant. If the noun is a personal noun, additionally soften the hard consonant by using -'y/'i ending.
List of hard and soft consonants
How to soften the stem?
Examples
Masculine Singular Nominative CaseMasculine Plural Vocative CaseEnglish
domdomya house
profesorprofesorzy / profesorowiea professor
pracownikpracownicya worker
ogrodnikogrodnicya gardener
sklepsklepya shop
obrazobrazya painting
płotpłotya fence
budynekbudynkia building
kiełkłya canine
rógrogia horn
stółstołya table
krągkręgia ring

The -e ending usage

Use the -e ending for nouns ending with a soft consonant.
List of hard and soft consonants
Examples
Masculine Singular Nominative CaseMasculine Plural Vocative CaseEnglish
stróżstróżea watchman
malarzmalarzea painter
szalszalea scarf
meczmeczea match
kijkijea stick
placplacea square
pędzelpędzlea brush
precelpreclea pretzel
kręgielkręglea bowling pin
gwóźdźgwoździea nail
uprzążuprzężea harness

The -owie ending usage

Some nouns describing titles or relations take the -owie ending.
Examples
Masculine Singular Nominative CaseMasculine Plural Vocative CaseEnglish
panpanowiea gentleman
oficeroficerowiea officer
kapitankapitanowiea captain
profesorprofesorowie / profesorzya professor
bógbogowiea god
ojciecojcowie*a father
dziadekdziadkowiea grandfather
mążmężowiea husband
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Cases - Noun Declension

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Vocative Case (Wołacz) - Feminine Plural Nouns