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Grammar

Terms Glossary
Cases (Przypadki)
Tenses (Czasy)
Verbs (Czasowniki)
Nouns (Rzeczowniki)
Adjectives (Przymiotniki)
Pronouns (Zaimki)
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  1. Home
  2. Grammar
  3. Cases (Przypadki)
  4. Vocative Case (Wołacz)
  5. Nouns Declension
  6. Feminine Singular

Vocative Case (Wołacz) - Feminine Singular Nouns

Feminine Singular Nouns in Vocative Case take the following endings:
Endings-o
-u
-i
-y/i

The -o ending usage

Use the -o ending if the noun ends with -a.
Exception: If the noun is a personal affectionate name and ends with a soft consonant followed by -a, then use the -u ending. Examples are presented in the next section.
List of hard and soft consonants
Examples
Feminine Singular Nominative CaseFeminine Singular Vocative CaseEnglish
książkaksiążkoa book
lampalampoa lamp
chmurachmuroa cloud
ziemiaziemioearth
szyjaszyjoneck
różaróżoa rose
MagdaMagdoMagda (female name)
żonażonowife
matkamatkomother
kuzynkakuzynkocousin
dziewczynadziewczynoa girl
kobietakobietoa woman

The -u ending usage

Use the -u ending if the noun is a personal affectionate name and ends with a soft consonant followed by -a.
List of hard and soft consonants
Examples
Feminine Singular Nominative CaseFeminine Singular Vocative CaseEnglish
KasiaKasiuKasia (female name)
ZosiaZosiuZosia (female name)
BasiaBasiuBasia (female name)
nianianianiunanny
mamusiamamusiumommy
babciababciugrandma
ciociaciociuaunt

The -i ending usage

Use the -i ending if the noun ends with -i in Nominative Singular.
Examples
Feminine Singular Nominative CaseFeminine Singular Vocative CaseEnglish
gospodynigospodynia housekeeper
panipania lady
boginiboginia goddess
sprzedawczynisprzedawczynia saleswoman
mistrzynimistrzynia female champion
monarchinimonarchinia monarchess
członkiniczłonkinia female member
dawczynidawczynia female donor
znawczyniznawczynia female expert

The -y/i ending usage

Use the -y/i ending if the noun ends with a consonant.
How to determine when to use the -y or -i ending?
Examples
Feminine Singular Nominative CaseFeminine Singular Vocative CaseEnglish
twarztwarzya face
myślmyślia thought
kośćkościa bone
podpowiedźpodpowiedzia hint
nocnocya night
rzeczrzeczya thing
myszmyszya mouse
powieśćpowieścia novel
dłońdłonia palm
poręczporęczya handle
powódźpowodzia flood
gęśgęsia goose
ośosiaxis
częśćczęścia part
sprzedażsprzedażya sale
kolejkolei*railway
krewkrwiblood
sólsolisalt
łódźłodzia boat
gałąźgałęzia branch
wieśwsia village
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Vocative Case (Wołacz) - Neuter Singular Nouns