The Vocative Case has very limited usage. It is used to call or address someone or something.
Example
Kasiu, podejdź proszę! - Kasia, come over please!
Kasiu - Vocative Case
Kasia - Nominative Case
When calling someone by name, the Vocative Case may be omitted and the Nominative Case used instead.
Example
Marku, gdzie jesteś? - Mark, where are you?
Marek, gdzie jesteś? - Mark, where are you?
Marku - Vocative Case
Marek - Nominative Case
When addressing someone by title, the Vocative Case must be used.
Panie profesorze, czy odbędą się jutrzejsze zajęcia? - Professor, will there be classes tomorrow?
Incorrect:
Pan profesor, czy odbędą się jutrzejsze zajęcia?
Panie profesorze - Vocative Case
Pan profesor - Nominative Case
The Vocative Case can also be used to call or address inanimate objects.
Example
Herbato, dlaczego jesteś taka pyszna! - Tea, why are you so delicious?
herbato - Vocative Case
herbata - Nominative Case
Hi, I'm Jarek
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