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Grammar

Terms Glossary
Cases (Przypadki)
Tenses (Czasy)
Verbs (Czasowniki)
Nouns (Rzeczowniki)
Adjectives (Przymiotniki)
Pronouns (Zaimki)
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  1. Home
  2. Grammar
  3. Cases (Przypadki)
  4. Cases after Prepositions
  5. Instrumental Case

Prepositions followed by Instrumental Case

Instrumental Case is used among others after the following prepositions:
poza
  • apart from
  • beyond
z(e)
  • with
pod(e)
  • under
  • below
przed(e)
  • to before
  • in front of
nad
  • to over
  • above
  • on top of
za
  • to behind
  • in back of
między
  • to between

poza + Instrumental Case

English equivalents of poza + Instrumental Case:
  • apart from
  • beyond
Examples
Poza tobą nikt nie ukończył biegu.Nobody has finished the race except you.
Jesteśmy poza zasięgiem.We're out of reach.
Zaparkował poza wyznaczonym miejscem.He parked outside the designated place.

z(e) + Instrumental Case

English equivalents of z(e) + Instrumental Case:
  • with
Examples
Idę z dziewczyną do kina.I'm going to the cinema with my girlfriend.
Uczę się ze znajomymi na egzamin.I study with friends for an exam.
Elektryk połączył pierwszy koniec kabla z drugim końcem.Electrician connected the first end with the second end of the cable.

pod(e) + Instrumental Case

English equivalents of pod(e) + Instrumental Case:
  • under
  • below
This preposition may also connect with:
  • pod(e) + Accusative Case
Examples
Podłoga zaskrzypiała pod jego ciężarem.The floor creaked under his weight.
Kot ukrył się pod kocem.The cat hid under a blanket.
Kurier zostawił paczkę pod drzwiami.The courier left the package at the door.

przed(e) + Instrumental Case

English equivalents of przed(e) + Instrumental Case:
  • to before
  • in front of
Examples
Czekam przed twoim domem.I'm waiting in front of your house.
Stań przede mną.Stand in front of me.
Przed chwilą zaczęło padać.It just started raining.

nad + Instrumental Case

English equivalents of nad + Instrumental Case:
  • to over
  • above
  • on top of
Examples
Nad domem latają gołębie.Pigeons fly over the house.
Jestem nad morzem.I am at the seaside.
Nie można latać dronem nad ludźmi bez pozwolenia.You can't fly a drone over people without permission.

za + Instrumental Case

English equivalents of za + Instrumental Case:
  • to behind
  • in back of
This preposition may also connect with:
  • za + Accusative Case
Examples
Jadę za tobą.I'm driving just behind you.
Ogórek jest w lodówce za sałatą.The cucumber is in the fridge behind lettuce.
Za oknem świeci Słońce.The sun shines outside the window.

między + Instrumental Case

English equivalents of między + Instrumental Case:
  • to between
Examples
Maciek zachowuje się zupełnie inaczej między nami.Maciek behaves completely differently when he is among us.
Nauczyciele i uczniowie potrzebują dłuższych przerw między lekcjami.Teachers and students need longer breaks between lessons.
W tym sklepie jest bardzo ciasno między półkami.In this store it is very tight between the shelves.
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Prepositions followed by Accusative Case

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Prepositions followed by Locative Case