Regular conjugation
To conjugate a verb in the Past Tense, attach endings to the verb stem. The stem is the infinitive form without the -ć, -ść, or -c ending. The table below displays the endings:
The table below displays an example conjugation.
Alternatively, the conjugation can be understood as a two-step process. In the first step, attach the gender infix to the stem:
* plural other = masculine not personal + feminine + neuterIn the second step, attach the person ending (the third person has no ending, as the first step already creates the third person form):
Verb Stem Irregularities
Some verbs require additional changes to the stem before applying some of the endings.
Verbs ending in -eć
These verbs change the -e- to -a- in their stem for the entire conjugation, except for the plural masculine personal forms.
Example
The entire conjugation appears as follows:
Verbs ending in -ąć
These verbs change the -ą- to -ę- in their stem for the entire conjugation, except for the singular masculine forms.
Example
The entire conjugation appears as follows:
Verbs ending in -ść or -c
These verbs use the stem from the Present Tense first person.
Examples
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Cases - Noun Declension
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